Multivariate statistical analysis of the essential oils of five Beilschmiedia species from Peninsular Malaysia / Análisis estadístico multivariado de los aceites esenciales de especies de Beilschmiedia de Malasia peninsular

Identification of the chemical compositionof essential oils is very important for ensuring the quality of finished herbal products. The objective of the study was to analyze the chemical components present in the essential oils of five Beilschmiediaspecies (i.e. B. kunstleri, B. maingayi, B. penangiana, B. madang, and B. glabra) by multivariate data analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) methods. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 108 chemical components were successfully identified from the essential oils of five Beilschmiediaspecies. The essential oils were characterized by high proportions of ß-caryophyllene (B.kunstleri), δ-cadinene (B. penangianaand B. madang), and ß-eudesmol (B. maingayiand B. glabra). Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed that chemical similarity was highest for all samples, except for B. madang. The multivariate data analysis may be used for the identification and characterization of essential oils from different Beilschmiediaspecies that are to be used as raw materials of traditional herbal products.

La identificación de la composición química de los aceites esenciales es muy importante para garantizar la calidad de los productos herbales terminados. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los componentes químicos presentes en los aceites esenciales de cinco especies de Beilschmiedia (B. kunstleri, B. maingayi, B. penangiana, B. madangy B. glabra) mediante análisis de datos multivariados utilizando los métodos de análisis de componente principal (PCA) y análisis de agrupamiento jerárquico (HCA). Los aceites esenciales se obtuvieron por hidrodestilación y se caracterizaron completamente por cromatografía de gases (GC) y cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas (GC-MS). Se identificaron con éxito un total de 108 componentes químicos a partir de los aceites esenciales de las cinco especies de Beilschmiedia. Los aceites esenciales se caracterizaron por altas proporciones de ß-cariofileno (B. kunstleri), δ-cadineno (B. penangianay B. madang) y ß-eudesmol (B. maingayiy B. glabra). El análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y el análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos (HCA) revelaron que la similitud química fue más alta para todas las muestras, excepto para B. madang. El análisis de datos multivariados puede usarse para la identificación y caracterización de aceites esenciales de diferentes especies de Beilschmiedia que se utilizan como materias primas de productos herbales tradicionales.

Chemical Constituents of Bark of Beilschmiedia kunstleri Gamble with Anticancer, Anti-Streptococcus pyogenes, Anti-Bacillus cereus and Anti Plesiomonas shigelloides Activities

Lauraceae is a family medicinal plant whose tubers possesses antimicrobial, and cytotoxic, such as antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory special effects and has been used for the medicine in the cure of hepatitis and rheumatism. The antimicrobial activities of bioactive compounds including one neolignan; kunstlerone (1) and two alkaloids include isocaryachine (2) and noratherosperminine (3) as well as crude hexane, methanol and dichloromethane extracts were evaluated. Additionally, the effect of compounds 1, 2 and 3 were evaluated on A549, PC-3, A375, HT-29 and WRL-68 cell lines. In conclusion, kunstlerone 1 showed moderate cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines such as A549, PC-3, A375, HT-29 and WRL-68, respectively with EC₅₀ values of 28.02, 26.78, 33.78, 33.65 and 16.46 µg/mL. The crude methanol extract showed antigrowth activity against S. pyogenes II and B. cereus, with MICs of 256 µg/mL. The compounds kunstlerone (1), isocaryachine (2) and noratherosperminine (3) showed complete inhibition against P. shigelloides, with MIC ≤60 µg/mL compare to ampicillin, as a positive control, which showed antigrowth activity against P. shigelloides at MIC 10 µg/mL.

Anticholinesterase and Anti-inflammatory Constituents from Beilschmiedia pulverulenta Kosterm

Phytochemical investigation from the stem bark of Beilschmiedia pulverulenta resulted in the isolation of five lignans, (+)-yangambin (1), (+)-sesartemin (2), (+)-excelsin (3), (+)-sesamin (4), and (+)-syringaresinol (5), together with lupeol (6), lupenone (7), β-sitosterol (8), and β-sitostenone (9). Their structures were established by the analysis of their spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR) and spectrometric (MS) data, as well as by comparison with those reported in the literature. The isolated lignans were tested for their anticholinesterase (AChE: acetylcholine esterase and BChE: butyryl cholineesterase) and anti-inflammatory (COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2 and LOX: lipoxygenase) activities. All the isolated lignans (1 – 5) exhibited significant inhibition activities in AChE/BChE and COX-2/LOX assays with IC50 values ranging from 168.8 – 504.2 µM and 21.0 – 59.4 µM, respectively.

NUEVAS CHALCONAS DE Beilschmiedia tovarensis / NEW CHALCONES FROM Beilschmiedia tovarensis

Del extracto etanólico de madera de Beilschmiedia tovarensis fueron aisladas e identificadas dos nuevas chalconas: 2’, 6’-dihidroxi-4’-isopenteniloxi-3,4(3’’’ ’, 3’’ ’’-dimetilpirano) chalcona y 4,2’, 6’- trihidroxi-3’, 4’ metilenodioxi-3-isopentenilchalcona. El aislamiento y la purificación fueron realizados por técnicas cromatográficas. La elucidación estructural de estos compuestos se determinó mediante técnicas espectroscópicas (IR, RMN-¹H, 13C y EM). Además, fue probada la actividad biológica in vitro del extracto etanólico de madera, dando resultados significativos para actividad antimicrobiana en cepas Gram(+): Staphylococcus aureus y Enterococcus faecalis. Las pruebas de actividades antimalárica y antituberculosa dieron resultados negativos.

Two new chalcones: 2’, 6’-dihydroxy-4-isopenteniloxy-3,4(3’’ ’,3’’ ’-dimethylpyrano) chalcone and 4,2’, 6’- trihydroxy-3’,4’-metilenodioxo-3-isopentenilchalcone were isolated from the wood ethanolic extract of Beilschmiedia tovarensis. Isolation was performed by chromatographic techniques. The elucidation of the structure of the compounds was accomplished by spectroscopic techniques (IR, NMR-¹H, 13C and MS). Also, the crude wood extract was tested in vitro for biological activity, having significant results for antimicrobial activity in Gram (+) stumps: Sataphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Test of antimalarial and antituberculosis activities gave negative results.